The exercise questions in this chapter are based on these topics:

1. Bacterial Cell Structure

• Draw a diagram of a generalized bacterial cell.

• Label the parts and write their functions.

2. Bacterial Cell Wall

• Describe the structure and chemical composition of bacterial cell walls.

• Differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

3. Endospores

• Explain the process of endospore formation in bacteria.

• Justify the importance of endospores for survival in unfavourable conditions.

4. Motility in Bacteria

• Explain how bacteria move.

• Draw a labelled diagram of the bacterial flagellum and explain its structure.

5. Bacteria as Recyclers of Nature

• Describe the role of bacteria in decomposition and nutrient cycling.

• Explain the importance of bacteria in the nitrogen and carbon cycles.

6. Economic Importance of Bacteria

• Outline the economic importance of bacteria.

• Give examples of beneficial uses in industry, agriculture, and medicine.

7. Bacteria in Research and Technology

• Explain how bacteria are used in research and technology.

• Describe the importance of bacteria in genetic engineering and biotechnology.

8. Normal Flora

• Define normal flora.

• Describe the benefits of bacterial flora in the human body.

9. Bacteriophage and HIV Structure

• Draw a labelled diagram of a model bacteriophage and describe its structure.

• Draw a labelled diagram of HIV and describe its structure.